Realism is a concept that was first started by the writers of
utopian wars… as it is said in ‘the globalization of world politics’.
Utopian wars are the wars that took place between Greeks and the
Romans. Some of the wars were covered by writers, for example the ‘attack on
Melos’ was covered by Thucydides a writer at that time and also the inventor of
this new approach.
The difference between realists and optimists:
Optimists are those people who think optimistically. A good way of
defining them is by the help of a glass, which is half filled with water. If
you ask an optimist about the glass, he will show hope and say that the glass
is half-full. While, realist will say that the glass is half-empty.
It’s because the realist is thinking on the terms of ground
realities. In addition, the optimist is thinking hopefully about the glass.
Both are to contradictory terms and in international relations, these two terms
become two different schools of thoughts.
The future of a country depends on these two schools and the
branches that emerge from them. As if Niccolo Machiavelli and Thucydides
himself were the classical realists, they considered that the man is bad, and
he can do anything for his survival.
While there is another type of realism, also that is called neo
realism. In this type, the followers focus on the system rather than the human
being. They believe it’s the system that is anarchic and states are the primary
actors as there is no forces controlling them.
But as the question goes, do realists need to be cruel?
Realists are not cruel in reality, but it’s there thinking that
makes them so. The realists closely observe the condition of the scenario and when
they do that they analyze it and provide the results on the reality basis. They
provide these analyses in a critical way.
And in this way we call them sometimes cruel. As there assumptions
and predictions resemble the cruelty of a man. And that man is as the realism
branch classical realism say that all men are born cruel, resembles them to the
fullest.
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